Experts emphasize that tooth decay progresses through specific stages, and in its most advanced stage, the infection can spread to the jawbone, leading to systemic health problems.

Highlighting the factors that can accelerate the progression of tooth decay, such as poor oral hygiene and the consumption of sugary and acidic foods, Endodontics Specialist Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin stated, “Tooth abscesses and infections can lead to tooth loss, jawbone deterioration, and other complications. Especially in children, issues such as difficulty chewing, nutritional deficiencies, and speech disorders may arise. Additionally, the resulting aesthetic concerns can lead to a loss of self-confidence and social isolation.” Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin also emphasized that as tooth decay progresses, the bacteria produced can enter the bloodstream and spread to other parts of the body, potentially causing various health issues ranging from heart problems to pregnancy risks.

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin, an Endodontics Specialist at Üsküdar Dental Hospital, provided insights into the impact of untreated tooth decay on oral and general health.

Infection Can Spread to the Jawbone if Untreated

Endodontics Specialist Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin points out that untreated tooth decay progresses in specific stages. “In the initial stage, demineralization occurs in the tooth enamel, showing up as white spots. At this stage, the decay is usually painless and reversible. However, if left untreated, it progresses into the enamel structure and reaches the dentin layer. At this stage, the decay becomes more noticeable, and sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods can develop,” he said.

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin, explaining that as the decay progresses further, it reaches the inner part of the tooth known as the pulp, where nerves, connective tissue, and blood vessels are located, stated, “In this case, infection and severe pain occur. This condition, called pulpitis, can lead to pulp necrosis (death) and abscesses if not treated. In its most advanced stage, the infection can spread to the jawbone, potentially causing systemic health issues.”

Factors Accelerating the Progression of Tooth Decay

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin listed factors that can accelerate the progression of tooth decay:

“High sugar consumption leads to the proliferation of bacteria in the mouth and acid production. These acids demineralize the tooth enamel, leading to the progression of decay. Decay progresses rapidly when oral hygiene is not adequately maintained. Fluoride deficiency can also cause rapid progression of tooth decay. Saliva neutralizes acids in the mouth and replenishes minerals. A decrease in saliva flow can accelerate tooth decay. Some individuals may be genetically predisposed to decay, which may relate to the structure of the tooth enamel or saliva composition.”

Advanced Tooth Decay Can Lead to Loss of Self-Esteem and Social Isolation

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin mentioned the various negative effects of untreated tooth decay on oral and dental health. “Tooth abscesses and infections can lead to tooth loss, jawbone deterioration, and other complications. Moreover, tooth decay negatively impacts an individual’s quality of life. In children, problems such as difficulty chewing, nutritional deficiencies, and speech disorders may occur. Additionally, the persistent pain caused by advanced decay and aesthetic concerns when affecting front teeth can lead to a loss of self-confidence and social isolation,” he said.

Bacteria in the Bloodstream Can Cause Numerous Health Issues

Recalling that the mouth is a gateway to the body, Endodontics Specialist Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin stated that untreated tooth decay can also lead to various general health problems.

He explained the health risks of bacteria entering the bloodstream and spreading to other parts of the body as follows: “This spread can cause serious infections, especially in individuals with weakened immune systems. For example, heart valves may be affected, leading to endocarditis. Periodontal diseases caused by tooth decay can increase systemic inflammation, raising the risk of atherosclerosis, which can elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Pathogens in the mouth can lead to respiratory infections. Bacteria from tooth decay can reach the lungs through aspiration, causing serious infections like pneumonia.”

Bacteria Reaching the Brain Can Increase the Risk of Neurological Disorders

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin highlighted the reciprocal relationship between tooth decay, periodontal diseases, and diabetes. “Periodontal diseases are more common in diabetic patients and can complicate blood sugar control. Furthermore, periodontal infections can increase inflammatory markers and insulin resistance. During pregnancy, periodontal diseases can increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight babies. Infections caused by tooth decay can negatively impact the fetus and worsen overall health during pregnancy,” he added.

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin also mentioned that some studies suggest a connection between oral health and neurodegenerative diseases. He stated, “Periodontal diseases may increase the risk of neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. It is thought that bacteria in the mouth can reach brain tissues, causing inflammation and neurodegeneration.”

Regular Oral Care Routine is Essential for Overall Health

Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Anıl Özgün Karatekin emphasized the importance of visiting the dentist at least twice a year to prevent the general health effects of tooth decay, concluding his statements with:

“Regular check-ups ensure early diagnosis and treatment of decay. Brushing teeth at least twice a day and using dental floss prevent plaque buildup and tooth decay. Antibacterial mouth rinses can also be used. Avoiding sugary and acidic foods helps prevent tooth decay. Drinking plenty of water and consuming fiber-rich foods benefit oral health. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can lead to tooth decay and gum diseases. Avoiding these habits protects oral health. Using fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinses strengthens tooth enamel and prevents decay formation.”

DOI number: https://doi.org/10.32739/uha.id.56376